Tree-farmer2

Tree-farmer2 t1_j5w9h0z wrote

Fusion is endothermic for elements larger than iron. At least for larger than iron elements, it'd be energy prohibitive.

As far as smaller elements go, you need increasing temperature as you go up the periodic table. Hydrogen fusion in the Sun requires ~15 million °C. When the Sun runs out of hydrogen, it will collapse until it's warmed to 100 million °C and then helium fusion will begin. Heavier elements than helium need even larger temperatures. Probably am engineering challenge.

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Tree-farmer2 t1_j5f9qxx wrote

Nuclear is as safe as wind and solar, even with Chernobyl and Fukushima.

https://ourworldindata.org/safest-sources-of-energy

Nuclear just feels more dangerous because that's how it's portrayed in popular culture, but, as always, data gets to the truth.

Old nuclear is extremely safe, and newer designs are even safer.

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Tree-farmer2 t1_j59qyzq wrote

>One of the big challenges now is whether the technology can be scaled up to really make a difference - and will the developers be able to use it to get electricity out as well as heat?

>The efficiency falls dramatically when the sand is used to just return power to the electricity grid.

So it's useful where you have district heating, but that's not most places.

Not really useful to turn the heat back into electricity.

It's something but it doesn't solve green energy's "big problem" like the headline suggests.

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Tree-farmer2 t1_j243pay wrote

>There's the exact same level of evidence for Uranium miningnslavery as polysilicon.

Evidence?

>And then there's the nice men from Rio Tinto that hold on to your passport for you if you're a migrant laborer in Australia and give you a place to stay for only 80% of your wage, and basic services for 30% of your wage and will only fly you home if you pay the debt off.

This is a criticism of mining in general. Solar is actually the most mining-intensive way to make a kWh.

I'm not opposed to solar, though I'd prefer see it on rooftops rather than encroaching on nature. I understand some portion of the world's energy will come from solar but it bothers me when people extrapolate it to 100% with no concern about reliability or land and materials use. Nuclear needs to be included and even the IEA says:

>Nuclear power should play a significant role in helping meet net-zero goals globally, and building clean energy systems will be harder, riskier and more expensive without nuclear >https://www.power-eng.com/nuclear/iea-build-more-nuclear-to-meet-net-zero-goals/

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Tree-farmer2 t1_j1zok7i wrote

>you're pretending that the majority of uranium mining doesn't have the exact same problems

I don't recall uranium being part of the discussion but slavery? There's none I know of but maybe it exists somewhere.

And there were problems with uranium mining but this was at the dawn of the Cold War and mostly for weapons production.

Today there are still problems with China's uranium mining in Namibia. This is <10% of global production and a symptom of a bigger problem with China and not representative of the rest of the industry.

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Tree-farmer2 t1_j1uq0rg wrote

>The largest commodity is polysilicon, which is basically just energy and is increasingly made with solar because it's cheapest

More than 80% of the world's polysilicon comes from Xinjiang, made with coal power and slave labour. They literally built coal plants next door. If solar is so cheap, why would they do that? Using LCOE to compare 24/7 coal power with intermittent solar is a fallacy.

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Tree-farmer2 t1_j1hvd73 wrote

Thanks! That's what I was getting at.

Solar fell in cost over the last 10-15 because of technological advances and because of falling commodity prices. As the cost of manufacturing falls, the cost of material inputs make up a larger portion of the cost.

There are physical limits and commodity prices are now rising, so I'm skeptical of such "laws".

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